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An intermediate-mass black hole in the centre of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae

机译:球状星团47中心的中质黑洞   杜鹃座

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摘要

Intermediate mass black holes play a critical role in understanding theevolutionary connection between stellar mass and super-massive black holes.However, to date the existence of these species of black holes remainsambiguous and their formation process is therefore unknown. It has been longsuspected that black holes with masses $10^{2}-10^{4}M_{\odot}$ should form andreside in dense stellar systems. Therefore, dedicated observational campaignshave targeted globular cluster for many decades searching for signatures ofthese elusive objects. All candidates found in these targeted searches appearradio dim and do not have the X-ray to radio flux ratio predicted by thefundamental plane for accreting black holes. Based on the lack of anelectromagnetic counterpart upper limits of $2060 M_{\odot}$ and $470M_{\odot}$ have been placed on the mass of a putative black hole in 47 Tucanae(NGC 104) from radio and X-ray observations respectively. Here we show there isevidence for a central black hole in 47 Tuc with a mass of M$_{\bullet}\sim2300M_{\odot}$$_{-850}^{+1500}$ when the dynamical state of the globular cluster isprobed with pulsars. The existence of an intermediate mass black hole in thecentre of one of the densest clusters with no detectable electromagneticcounterpart suggests that the black hole is not accreting at a sufficient rateand therefore contrary to expectations is gas starved. This intermediate massblack hole might be a member of electromagnetically invisible population ofblack holes that are the elusive seeds leading to the formation of supermassiveblack holes in galaxies.
机译:中间质量黑洞在理解恒星质量和超质量黑洞之间的进化联系中起着至关重要的作用。但是,迄今为止,这些黑洞的种类仍然不明确,因此其形成过程尚不清楚。人们一直怀疑,质量为$ 10 ^ {2} -10 ^ {4} M _ {\ odot} $的黑洞会形成并存在于密集的恒星系统中。因此,数十年来,专门的观测战役一直以球状星团为目标,寻找这些难以捉摸的物体的特征。在这些有针对性的搜索中找到的所有候选者看起来都暗淡无光,并且没有由基本面预测的用于吸收黑洞的X射线与无线电通量之比。由于缺乏电磁对应物,根据无线电和X射线观测结果,对47个杜卡尼(NGC 104)假定黑洞的质量设定了$ 2060 M _ {\ odot} $和$ 470M _ {\ odot} $的上限分别。在这里,我们显示了当球状体的动态状态为47 Tuc时,质量为M $ _ {\ bullet} \ sim2300M _ {\ odot} $$ _ {-850} ^ {+ 1500} $的中心黑洞的证据用脉冲星探测星团。在最密集的星团之一的中心存在一个中等质量的黑洞,没有可检测到的电磁对垒,这表明黑洞没有以足够的速率积聚,因此与预期相反,这是令人气gas的。这个中间质量黑洞可能是电磁上看不见的黑洞群体的成员,这些黑洞是导致星系中形成超大质量黑洞的难以捉摸的种子。

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